Ford Freestar

NavFord Freestar er en minivan, der var fremstillet af Ford Motor Company fra 2004 indtil november 2006. Den erstattede den Ford Windstar for 2004 model år. Navneændringen indkvarteret Ford's strategi om at omdøbe alle deres biler til ord, der begynder i F. Freestar og dens tvilling, den Mercury Monterey, blev bygget i Oakville, Ontario, Canada.Den Freestar kan rumme op til syv passagerer og har en elektronisk styret 4-trins automatisk transmission som en del af van's standard udstyr. Fem trim niveauer blev tilgængelige: base, SE, Sport, SEL, og Limited. I USA blev Freestar fås med to forskellige benzin-drevne V6-motorer. Den mindre 3,9 L (kun tilgængelig i USA) at udvikle en maksimal effekt på 193 hk (144 kW) til 4500 rpm og 240 £ · ft (325 N · m) et drejningsmoment på 3750 rpm, mens de større 4,2 L producerer 201 HK (150 kW) ved 4.250 omdr. / min og 263 £ · ft (357 N · m) et drejningsmoment på 3650 rpm. Mens de mindre motor kom på basismodellen i USA, jo større 4,2 L motor er standard på alle modeller i Canada og Mexico.

neændring

Den Freestar navneændring kan have ført til van tidlige bortgang, og er måske et skoleeksempel på, hvordan en navneændring kan dræbe hvad der engang var en stærk produktlinje. [1] The Toronto Star citeret en navngivning ekspert, der kaldte det "Ford fiasko. ". Naseem Javed, formand for ABC Namebank International forudsagt "Det vil skabe forvirring og kaos for forbrugerne. Andre kaldte ordningen til at omdøbe Fords med et ord der starter med bogstavet F som" bare dumt. "Ford sagde, at forhandlerne foreslog idéen, og at den passer til 600 millioner dollar redesign af Ford minivan. Joe Greenwell, vice-president for marketing og operationer til forældre Ford Motor Co troede det nye navn ville "stimulere interessen for produktet."

Mercury Monterey

The Mercury Monterey minivan var Mercury version af Freestar. Det udfyldte et hul i Mercury kø efter produktion af de små Nissan Quest-baserede landsbybeboer ophørte i 2002. Ligesom sin Freestar tvilling tilbød Monterey plads til op til syv passagerer. Men tilbød Monterey mere luksus muligheder, og havde 4,2 L V6 motor som standard. Ligesom Freestar blev salget af Monterey minivan meget begrænset, da konstruktionen ville være konkurrencedygtige over et stærkere bidrag fra andre bilproducenter, samt en samlet nedgang i minivan markedet. Kun 567 Montereys blev solgt i august 2006. Når produktionen sluttede efter en kort sigt af 2007-modeller, kun 1.354 blev solgt. [Redigér] Den Oakville samlefabrik undergik udskiftning af de Ford Edge og Lincoln MKX crossover SUV. Den sidste Monterey rullede ud samlebåndet den 25. august 2006.Endelige salg tal for Mercury Monterey efter en treårig køre alt 32.195

Ford Windstar

Ford Windstar er en minivan, der var fremstillet og solgt af Ford Motor Company fra marts 1994 (for 1995 model år) til 2003. Denne forhjulstrukket minivan i sidste ende ville erstatte Fords aldrende baghjulstræk Aerostar minivan. De to løb samtidig i tre model år indtil Aerostar's død i 1997. For 2004 model år, blev det erstattet af Freestar. Alle Windstars blev bygget i Oakville, Ontario, Canada. I modsætning til de fleste Ford, har Windstar ikke har en lignende Mercury køretøj "twin" og var helt uden forbindelse til Mercury landsbybeboer (selv om Windstar's efterfølger Ford Freestar havde en tvilling, de Mercury Monterey). Første generation (1995-1998) Den helt nye Windstar blev udgivet i marts 1994, for 1995-modellen. Mens mindre end sin forgænger, sit slanke design, forhjulstrukket, og bedre bil-lignende handling gjort det mere konkurrencedygtig med tilsvarende tilbud fra Chrysler og GM. Den Windstar havde slået den tredje generation Dodge Caravan til markedet med over et år, der har spillet en afgørende rolle i Ford tager betydelig markedsandel i minivan markedet. Selvom dens størrelse var mellem de mindre forhjulstrukket Mercury landsbybeboer og de større baghjulstræk Ford Aerostar, for det første år, var det prisen ligger over dem begge. I 1997, dog havde landsbybeboer's base pris overgik Windstar's med flere hundrede dollars, og top-of-the-line landsbybeboer Nautica modeller gik for nogle $ 6.000 USD mere. Blandt standard funktionerne var ABS-bremser, dobbelt airbags, syv passagerer på sæder, og en 3,8 L V6 motor, lånt fra Taurus / Sable. Denne motor er produceret 155 hk (116 kW), men produceres 220 £ · ft (298 N · m) af drejningsmoment. For sit konstituerende år blev Windstar rådighed i base GL og high-end LX trim, samt en last version kaldet Cargo Van.

Mazda Bongo

Mazda Bongo er en van fremstillet af Mazda i Japan. Siden 1978 har det været eksporteret som Mazda E-serie og som Ford Econovan.

1966

Mazda introduceret sin lille varevogn, den Bongo, i 1966. Det fremhævede en 782cc vandkølet 4-takts motor, der driver baghjulene. Den bageste motor Bongo blev produceret i to versioner, F800 og F1000 mellem 1968 til 1978. Denne model beholdt samme kropsform for sin 10 år produktion liv, de senere modeller er udstyret med påløbsbremse-hjuls sikkerhedsseler, og separate foran parkering lyser. Den bageste motor Bongos havde en fuld chassis (ved hjælp af samme mazda 1000 motor som andre varianter monteret med 4 hastighed transaksel bagerst) og var meget stærk og på grund af den lave gearing, i stand til at en halv ton. På grund af rust og dårlig vedligeholdelse, er den bageste motor Bongos nu få og langt imellem dem. Præcise tal kendes ikke, men et verdensomspændende register [1] er i øjeblikket ved at blive opbygget til at spore alle resterende eksempler.De 1000 pickup og Bongo chassis er forskellige, med fælles front suspension og bremsekomponenter.

1989

SS platform Bongo varede fra 1989 til 1998. Dette van blev også solgt af Nissan som Vanette.

Mazda MPV

Mazda MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle) er en minivan fremstillet af Mazda. Indført i 1989 som en baghjulstræk model med ekstra valgbar firehjulstræk, blev det erstattet i 2000 med en forhjulstræk kun version. Over 1 million MPV-modeller var blevet produceret siden dens indførelse.

Første generation 1989-1999 (Baghjulstræk)

Den minivan boom af 1980'erne fanget det japanske bilproducenter som en overraskelse. Hver producent havde sin egen reaktion: Toyota var først med en tilpasning af deres midten motor Van, der er baseret på den japanske by-Ace i 1984. Nissan og Mitsubishi hurtigt fulgt trop med konverteringer af last varevogne i 1987. Alle var små og kun tilbudt 4-cylindrede motorer. Dette var også den eneste Mazda MPV generation med en manuel transmission. I modsætning til andre minivans, MPV's parkeringsbremsen var direkte på gulvet ved siden af førersædet og drives ved hånden, når de fleste andre minivans havde parkeringsbremsen i driveren footwell området og drives af venstre fod. Fra 1989 MPV var designet helt fra bunden op som en minivan til det amerikanske marked. Den var baseret på den store baghjulstræk 929's HC. Det ville være kaldet LV platform, og udstyret MPV med en V6 motor og valgfrit fire hjul drev. Dens vælges 4WD system er ikke at forveksle med permanent "alle firehjulstræk" systemer; MPV kan skiftes til 4WD med en switch monteret på kolonnen gearvælgeren. En streg monteret switch også gjort det muligt for føreren at låse center differentiale opsplitningen magt ligeligt mellem for-og bagaksel. Den 4WD kan ansættes og frakobles under flytning. Ligesom den senere Honda Odyssey, figurerede den traditionelle hængslede døre i stedet for at glide bagdøre, selv om de oprindelige MPV kun havde en enkelt bagdør. På grund af MPV's valgfri 4WD var Mazda Navajo (solgt fra 1991-1994) udgave af Ford Explorer tilbydes kun som en 2 dør. Den midterste række var til rådighed som en bænk, så siddepladser til 8, hvor de fleste minivans siddende 7. Van hed til Car and Driver magasinets Ti Best liste for 1990 og 1991 og præsenteret som et af deres "køretøjer til de kommende (brændstof) krise". Indledende salg var stærke så godt, men hurtigt faldt ned, når andre beslutningstagere indført alle firehjulstræk og V6-motorer. Men Toyota fra 1991 Previa, Nissan fra 1993 Quest, og Honda's 1995 Odyssey alle kendetegnet bygget til formålet platforme og eroderet Mazda's forspring. MPV modtaget én stjerne ud af fire i den australske ANCAP crash tests og en "Marginal" rating i den amerikanske IIHS crash tests for skader på kabinen og dæk indtrængen i førerens footwell området. Van blev opdateret i 1996, tilføjer chaufførernes side bagdør. Mens I4 motor pensioneret for det amerikanske marked, blev det erstattet med en tilsvarende 2,5 L enhed for resten af verden. Det '97 og '98 modeller fik en mild forfriskende med "all-sport" krop beklædning og hjulkasser, og poleret alufælge. Mazda ophørte den oprindelige MPV efter '99 model år.)

Anden generation 1999-2006 (Forhjulstræk)

MPV blev udskiftet for 1999 ved hjælp af korte akselafstand, forhjulstræk LW platform og byder på dobbelt skydedøre bagdøre, tredjedel sæderække, som kan folde og tumler ind i en sal fordybning, og dobbelt skydedøre er udstyret med roll-down elruder. På introduktion brugte MPV samme 170-hk DOHC Ford Duratec enhed, drevet Ford Contour og Mercury Mystique og Cougar [2]. DX modeller præsenteret en to-plads midt bænk. Den LX model featured to midterste spande med en funktion, hvorved passagersiden sædet kan glide sidelæns (markedsført som "side af slide"), elruder og låse, opvarmede el spejle, privatliv glas, og bremsesystemer bremser. Den ES model tilføjede overfladen på sæderne, træ tone interiør trim, sidepåkørsel airbags på forsæderne, større hjul og dobbelt zone og bag klimaanlæg. I modelår 2001 tilføjede alle modeller børns sikkerhed plads tether ankre. En valgfri GFX sport udseende pakke blev stillet til rådighed for LX og ES-modeller, som omfattede tågelygterne og aero krop add-ons. 2001-model år løb længe, strækker sig ind i begyndelsen af 2002 i forventning om 2002-refresh. I modelår 2002 modtog MPV Mazda's AJ 3,0 L V6, en 5-trins automatgear producerer 200 hk (149 kW) og 200 £ · ft (270 N · m) et drejningsmoment, en ny kølergrill og byder på en enkelt krom bar på toppen, power skydedøre sidedøre, revideret suspension indstillinger og 17-tommer alufælge. I modelår 2003, maskinelle betjening på sidedøre blev det gjort frivilligt om LX og ES. En base LX-SV-modellen blev tilføjet midtvejs i modellen året. I modelår 2004 modtog MPV en mild udvendig og indvendig makeover. Den udvendige featured nye forlygter og Altezza stil klar baglygterne. Interiør ændringer indarbejdet et nyt rat, gauge omgiver, og en fjeder hjælpe til at lette folde den tredje sæderække i gulvet. Den LX Sport pakke tilføjet en tilpasset udseende med alufælge, organet sideskørter, forbedret baglygter, ABS-bremser, en luft-dæmningen under kofangeren, og en valgfri bagmonteret spoiler. Den ES model tilføjede lædersæder, bagtil air condition, el skydedøre, og et udvalg af moonroof eller tagmonteret DVD-afspiller. LX-SV modellen blev tilbudt. I modelår 2005 blev dobbelt zone klimaanlæg en valgfri funktion på LX (det havde været standard på LX i 2004). I modelår 2006 blev en base LX-SV model igen tilbydes sideløbende med LX og ES-modeller. MPV blev indstillet i både Europa og Nordamerika efter model år 2006. MPV blev også erstattet i Nordamerika og Australien, som i fuld størrelse Mazda CX-9 crossover SUV. Australske modeller kunne fås med 3 sæder i 2. række, og to pladser i 3. række i stedet for en sammenfoldelig tredje række.

Tredje generation 2006 - (FWD/4WD)...

Den 2. februar 2006, gik den tredje generation Mazda MPV på salg i Japan som en model 2007 bil. [3] Det er drevet af enten en 4-cylindret MZR 2,3 naturlig indsugning motor eller 4 cylinder MZR 2,3 Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI ) turbo motor. Den 2. række lænes tilbage feature en usædvanlig tilbagetrækningskraften fodskammel indslag. Gearstangen blev flyttet fra ratstamme til midterkonsollen, ligesom de fleste andre minivans af japanske bilproducenter i dag.Den tredje generation MPV er i øjeblikket kun tilgængelig i Japan, Hong Kong [4] og nogle mindre antal i Thailand. Det er kendt som Mazda8 i Hong Kong.I 2008 blev en facelifted udgave indført. Eksterne Ændringerne omfatter nye front kofanger med nye tåge-lys. 5-trins automatgearkasse er udstyret med NA modeller. 6-Speed Automatik uændret i Turbo modeller.

Mazda MPV

The Mazda MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle) is a minivan manufactured by Mazda. Introduced in 1989 as a rear wheel drive model with optional selectable four-wheel drive, it was replaced in 2000 with a front wheel drive only version. Over 1 million MPV models had been produced since its introduction.

First generation 1989-1999 (Rear wheel drive)

The minivan boom of the 1980s caught the Japanese car makers by surprise. Each maker had its own response: Toyota was first with an adaptation of their mid-engined Van, based on the Japanese Town-Ace in 1984. Nissan and Mitsubishi quickly followed suit with conversions of cargo vans in 1987. All were small and only offered 4-cylinder engines. This was also the only Mazda MPV generation with a manual transmission. Unlike other minivans, the MPV's parking brake was directly on the floor beside the driver's seat and operated by the hand, when most other minivans had the parking brake in the driver footwell area and operated by the left foot.
The 1989 MPV was designed from the ground-up as a minivan for the American market. It was based on the large rear wheel drive 929's HC. It would be called the LV platform, and equipped the MPV with a V6 engine and optional four wheel drive. Its selectable 4WD system is not to be confused with permanent "all wheel drive" systems; the MPV can be switched into 4WD with a switch mounted on the column gear selector. A dash mounted switch also allowed the driver to lock the center differential, splitting power equally between the front and rear axles. The 4WD can be engaged and disengaged while moving.
Like the later Honda Odyssey, it featured traditional hinged doors instead of sliding rear doors, though the original MPV only had a single rear door. Because of the MPV's optional 4WD, the Mazda Navajo (sold from 1991-1994) version of the Ford Explorer was only offered as a 2 door. The middle row was available as a bench, allowing seating for 8 when most minivans seated 7.
The van was named to Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1990 and 1991 and featured as one of their "vehicles for the coming (fuel) crisis". Initial sales were strong as well, but rapidly fell off once other makers introduced all wheel drive and V6 engines. However, Toyota's 1991 Previa, Nissan's 1993 Quest, and Honda's 1995 Odyssey all featured purpose-built platforms and eroded Mazda's lead.
The MPV received one star out of four in the Australian ANCAP crash tests and a "Marginal" rating in the American IIHS crash tests for damage to the occupant compartment and tire intrusion into the driver footwell area.
The van was refreshed in 1996, adding drivers' side rear door. While the I4 engine retired for the United States market, it was replaced with a similar 2.5 L unit for the rest of the world. The '97 and '98 models received a mild refreshing with "all-sport" body cladding and wheel arches, and polished alloy wheels. Mazda discontinued the original MPV after the '99 model year.

Second generation 1999-2006 (Front wheel drive)

The MPV was replaced for 1999 using the short wheelbase, front wheel drive LW platform and featuring dual sliding rear doors, a third row seat that could fold and tumble into a floor recess, and dual sliding doors equipped with roll-down power windows.
At introduction, the MPV used the same 170-hp DOHC Ford Duratec unit that powered the Ford Contour and Mercury Mystique and Cougar.[2] DX models featured a two-place middle bench seat. The LX model featured two middle buckets with a feature whereby the passenger side seat could slide sideways (marketed as "side by slide"), power windows and locks, heated power mirrors, privacy glass, and antilock brakes. The ES model added leather seating surfaces, wood tone interior trim, side impact air bags on the front seats, bigger wheels, and dual zone front and rear air conditioners.
In model year 2001, all models added child-safety seat tether anchors. An optional GFX sport appearance package was made available for LX and ES models, which included fog lights and aero body add-ons. The 2001 model year ran long, extending into early 2002 in anticipation of the 2002 refresh.
In model year 2002, the MPV received Mazda's AJ 3.0 L V6, a 5-speed automatic transmission producing 200 hp (149 kW) and 200 lb·ft (270 N·m) of torque, a new grille featuring a single chrome bar at the top, power sliding side doors, revised suspension settings, and 17-inch alloy wheels.
In model year 2003, power operation of the side doors was made optional on the LX and ES. A base LX-SV model was added midway into the model year.
In model year 2004, the MPV received a mild exterior and interior makeover. The exterior featured new headlights and Altezza style clear taillights. Interior changes included a new steering wheel, gauge surrounds, and a spring assist to ease folding the third row seat into the floor. The LX Sport package added a customized look with alloy wheels, body side skirts, enhanced tail lights, anti-lock brakes, an air dam under the bumper, and an optional rear-mounted spoiler. The ES model added leather seats, rear air conditioner, power sliding doors, and a choice of moonroof or roof-mounted DVD player. No LX-SV model was offered.
In model year 2005, dual zone air conditioning became an optional feature on the LX (it had been standard on the LX in 2004).
In model year 2006, a base LX-SV model was again offered alongside the LX and ES models.
The MPV was discontinued in both Europe and North America after model year 2006. The MPV was also replaced in North America and Australia by the full-size Mazda CX-9 crossover SUV. Australian models were available with 3 seats in the 2nd row, and two seats in the 3rd row instead of a folding third row.

Third generation 2006- (FWD/4WD)

On February 2, 2006, the third generation Mazda MPV went on sale in Japan as a model year 2007 car.[3] It is powered by either a 4 cylinder MZR 2.3 naturally aspirated engine or 4 cylinder MZR 2.3 Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) turbo engine. The 2nd row reclining seats feature an unusual retracting footrest feature. The gear shift was moved from the steering column to the center console, much like most other minivans by Japanese automakers today.
The third generation MPV is currently available only in Japan, Hong Kong[4] and some small number in Thailand. It is known as Mazda8 in Hong Kong.
In 2008, a facelifted version was introduced. External modifications include new front bumper with new fog-lights. 5-Speed Automatic is equipped in NA models. 6-Speed Automatics unchanged in Turbo models.

Mazda Bongo

The Mazda Bongo is a van manufactured by Mazda of Japan. Since 1978, it has been exported as the Mazda E-Series and as the Ford Econovan.

1966

Mazda introduced its small van, the Bongo, in 1966. It featured a 782cc water-cooled 4-stroke engine driving the rear wheels. The rear engined Bongo was produced in two versions, the F800 and the F1000 between 1968 - 1978. This model retained the same body shape for its 10 year production life, the later models fitted with inertia-reel seat belts, and separate front parking indicator lights. The rear engine Bongos had a full chassis (using the same mazda 1000 engine as other variants mounted to a 4 speed transaxle at the rear) and were very strong and due to the low gearing, able to carry half a ton. Due to rust and poor maintenance, the rear engined Bongos are now few and far between. Exact numbers are not known, but a worldwide register[1] is currently being constructed to track all remaining examples.
The 1000 pickup and Bongo chassis are different, with common front suspension and brake components.

1989

The SS platform Bongo lasted from 1989 until 1998. This van was also sold by Nissan as the Vanette.

Ford Windstar

The Ford Windstar is a minivan that was produced and sold by the Ford Motor Company from March 1994 (for the 1995 model year) to 2003. This front-wheel drive minivan would eventually replace Ford's aging rear-wheel drive Aerostar minivan. The two ran concurrently for three model years until the Aerostar's demise in 1997. For the 2004 model year, it was replaced by the Freestar. All Windstars were built in Oakville, Ontario, Canada.
Unlike most Fords, the Windstar did not have a similar Mercury vehicle "twin", and was completely unrelated to the Mercury Villager (although the Windstar's successor the Ford Freestar did have a twin, the Mercury Monterey).

First generation (1995–1998)

The all-new Windstar was released in March 1994, for the 1995 model year. While smaller than its predecessor, its sleek design, front-wheel drive, and better car-like handling made it more competitive with similar offerings from Chrysler and GM. The Windstar had beaten the third-generation Dodge Caravan to the market by over a year, which played a crucial role in Ford taking significant market share in the minivan market.
Though its size was between the smaller front-wheel drive Mercury Villager and the larger rear-wheel drive Ford Aerostar, for its first year, it was priced above both of them. By 1997, however, the Villager's base price had surpassed the Windstar's by several hundred dollars, and top-of-the-line Villager Nautica models went for some $6,000 USD more.
Among standard features were anti-lock brakes, dual airbags, seven-passenger seating, and a 3.8 L V6 engine, borrowed from the Taurus/Sable. This engine produced 155 hp (116 kW), but produced 220 lb·ft (298 N·m) of torque. For its inaugural year, the Windstar was available in base GL and high-end LX trim, as well as a cargo version called Cargo Van.

Ford Freestar

The Ford Freestar is a minivan that was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 2004 until November 2006. It replaced the Ford Windstar for the 2004 model year. The name change accommodated Ford's strategy to rename all their cars to words beginning in F. The Freestar and its twin, the Mercury Monterey, were built in Oakville, Ontario, Canada.
The Freestar can accommodate up to seven passengers and features an electronically controlled 4-speed automatic transmission as part of the van's standard equipment. Five trim levels were available: base, SE, Sport, SEL, and Limited. In the United States, the Freestar was available with two different gasoline-powered V6 engines. The smaller 3.9 L (available only in the United States) develop a maximum power of 193 hp (144 kW) at 4500 rpm and 240 lb·ft (325 N·m) of torque at 3750 rpm, while the larger 4.2 L produces 201 hp (150 kW) at 4,250 rpm and 263 lb·ft (357 N·m) of torque at 3650 rpm. While the smaller engine came on the base model in the United States, the larger 4.2 L engine is standard on all models in Canada and Mexico.

Name change

The Freestar name change may have led to the van's early demise, and is perhaps a textbook example of how a name change can kill what was once a strong product line.[1] The Toronto Star cited one naming expert who called it the "Ford Fiasco.". Naseem Javed, president of ABC Namebank International predicted "It will cause confusion and chaos for consumers. Others called the scheme to rename Fords with a word starting with the letter F as "just foolish." Ford said that dealers suggested the idea, and that it fit the $600 million redesign of the Ford minivan. Joe Greenwell, vice-president of marketing and operations for parent Ford Motor Co. believed the new name would "stimulate interest in the product."

Mercury Monterey

The Mercury Monterey minivan was the Mercury version of the Freestar. It filled a gap in the Mercury lineup after production of the small Nissan Quest-based Villager ceased in 2002. Just like its Freestar twin, the Monterey offered seating for up to seven passengers. However, the Monterey offered more luxury options, and had the 4.2 L V6 engine as standard. Like the Freestar, sales of the Monterey minivan were very low as the design would prove uncompetitive against stronger entries from other automakers, as well as an overall decline in the minivan market. Only 567 Montereys were sold in August 2006. When production ended after a short run of 2007 models, only 1,354 were sold.[citation needed] The Oakville Assembly plant underwent retooling for the Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX crossover SUVs. The last Monterey rolled off the assembly line on August 25, 2006.
Final sale numbers for the Mercury Monterey after a three year run totaled 32,195

Ford E-Series

The Ford E-Series, formerly known as the Econoline or Club Wagon, is a line of full-size vans (both cargo and passenger) and truck chassis from the Ford Motor Company. The E-Series is related to the Ford F-Series line of pickup trucks. The line was introduced in 1961 as a compact van and its descendants are still produced today. The Econoline is produced solely at Ford's Avon Lake, Ohio plant after the closure of the Lorain, Ohio plant in December 2005 and the consolidation of all production at Avon Lake.
As of 2009, the E-Series and the 2010 model year Ford Transit Connect compact MPV, which had its debut at the 2008 Chicago Auto Show on February 11, 2009[1] are the only vans in the Ford lineup in North America.
The Ford E-Series currently holds 79.6% of the full-size van market in the United States with 168,722 sales in the United States in 2007.[2] It has been the best selling American full-sized van for 30 years (since 1980).

1961-1967 Compact Van

The first E-Series was based on the compact Ford Falcon, sized roughly to compete with the 1961 Chevrolet Corvair Sportvan and Volkswagen Type 2, which was 172.3 in (4376 mm) long. The first E-Series had a flat nose with the engine between and behind the front seats, later adopted by the Chevrolet Van and Dodge A100. Early models had a 144 cid 6-cylinder engine with a manual 3 speed transmission. Later models had a 170 CID or 240 CID engines with an automatic transmission. It was an immediate success with utilities like the Bell Telephone System. In the first 1961 model year, 29,932 standard vans, 6,571 custom Econoline buses, 11,893 standard pickups and 3,000 custom pickups were made. It was originally offered as a cargo van, an 8-passenger van with 3 rows of seats (which carried the Ford Falcon name) and as a pickup truck. A 165 lb (75 kg) weight was fitted over the rear wheels to balance the front-heavy vehicle, sometimes removed by current owners.

2008

Ford introduced the new E-Series at the New York Auto Show in March 2007. The van received completely redesigned front end sheet metal similar to that of the 2008 Ford Super Duty trucks, which Ford claims makes the vans look "Built Ford Tough." It has been overhauled with better handling, more payload and a sharper look.[6]
Updates to the front end of the van include larger headlights, a larger grille, and a longer hood than previously used on E-Series and Econoline vans. The 6.0 L turbo diesel is retained on the Super Duty E-series, while Super Duty F series received the new 6.4 L twin turbo diesel. Gasoline engines carried over. A series of upgrades to the braking, suspension and steering systems have resulted in improvements in ride and handling, braking performance and load carrying capability, although the Twin-I-Beam front suspension remains. Four-wheel drive is available through Ford Fleet Truck using current model year Super Duty parts.
The chassis and suspension improvements have also resulted in an increase in the maximum gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) from 14,050 pounds to a class-leading 14,500 pounds. Additionally, the maximum front gross axle weight rating (GAWR) is increased by about 10 percent, from 4,600 pounds to a class-leading 5,000 pounds

s

Ford Aerostar

The Ford Aerostar was Ford's first minivan and was introduced in the summer of 1985 as a 1986 model. It was available in passenger van (Wagon) and cargo van (Van) versions. In 1989, an extended-length model was introduced with an all-wheel drive option following in 1990. The Aerostar was produced only under the Ford brand, while Mercury's first minivan was the Mercury Villager which debuted for the 1993 model year.
The Aerostar was dropped after the 1997 model year after being replaced by the Windstar in the 1995 model year and being sold alongside it from 1995 to 1997. The 2010 Transit Connect is the closest replacement to the Aerostar cargo van.

First generation (1986-1991)

At its launch, the Aerostar was available in a single body length and as a base-model cargo van, XL base-model wagon, and XLT deluxe-trim wagon. The base engine was a 2.3 L four-cylinder, while the 2.8 L Cologne V6 was optional. The Cologne V6 was replaced for 1987 with the 3.0 L Vulcan V6.
For 1988, the 4-cylinder engine was dropped. As the V6 was now standard, the V6 emblem on the front fenders was removed. Two-tone paint was dropped from the XLT model, and the Aerostar script was moved from the front fenders to the left side of the rear hatch; the box beneath it showing the trim level changed from a red background to a gray one.
The Eddie Bauer model was introduced as an upscale model for 1988. It shared most of its features with XLT models (most XLT options were included as standard equipment), but with unique outdoors-themed trim. Two-tone paint schemes were used, but instead of the side panel being an accent between the upper and lower body, the rocker panels and wheel well trim are painted tan as the accent. Aluminum wheels (of the same 14" diameter) were standard on the Eddie Bauer, but are available on XLT wagons as an option. Inside, 2nd-row "quad" bucket seats are an option on both Eddie Bauer and XLT trim.

Usage

In urban areas of the United States full-size vans have been used as commuter vans since 1971, when Dodge introduced a van that could transport up to 15 passengers. Commuter vans are used as an alternative to carpooling and other ride sharing arrangements.

A van equipped with professional carpet cleaning tools in Durham, North Carolina
Many mobile businesses use a van to carry almost their entire business to various places where they work. For instance, there are those who come to homes or places of business to perform services or to install or repair appliances.
Vans are also used to shuttle people and their luggage between hotels and airports, to transport commuters between parking lots and their places of work, and along established routes as minibuses.
Vans are also used to transport elderly and mobility-impaired worshipers to and from church services or to transport youth groups for outings to amusement parks, picnics, and visiting other churches.
Vans are also used by schools to drive sports teams to intermural games.

India

In India, van is one of the most common modes of transport and is often used for commuting school children to and fro from schools as parents, especially working parents are too busy to themselves pick their children from school and when school buses are full and unable to accommodate other children.
A full size van used for commercial purposes is also known as a van; however, a passenger vehicle with more than 7 or 8 seats is more likely to be called a minibus.
Finally, the term van can sometimes be used interchangeably with caravan, which in the U.S. is referred to as a travel trailer.
The British term people mover is also used in Australian English to describe a passenger van. The American usage of van to mean a cargo box trailer or semi-trailer is used rarely, if ever, in Australia.

Japan

Early Japanese vans include the Mazda Bongo and the Subaru 360 van. The Japanese also produced many vans based on the American flat nose model, but also mini-vans which for the American market have generally evolved to the long-wheelbase front wheel drive form factor first pioneered by the Nissan Prairie and Mitsubishi Chariot. Microvans, vans that fulfill kei car regulations, are very popular for small business.

United States

In the United States, a van can also refer to a box-shaped trailer or semi-trailer used to carry goods. In this case there is a differentiation between a "dry van", used to carry most goods, and a refrigerated van, or reefer, used for cold goods. A railway car used to carry baggage is also called a van.
A vehicle referred to as a full size van is usually a large, boxy vehicle that has a platform and powertrain similar to their light truck counterparts. These vans may be sold with the space behind the front seats empty for transporting of goods (cargo van), or furnished for passenger use by either the manufacturer (Wagon) or another company for more personal comforts, such as entertainment systems (Conversion van). Full size vans often have a very short hood, with the engine block moved to within the passenger cabin.
A cutaway van chassis is a variation of the full size van which was developed for use by many second stage manufacturers. Such a unit generally has a van front end, and driver controls in a cab body which extends only to a point aft of the driver and passenger seats, where the rest of the van body is cutoff (leading to the terminology "cutaway"). From that point aft, usually only the chassis frame rails and running gear extend to the rear when the unit is shipped as an "incomplete vehicle". A second stage manufacturer, commonly known as a bodybuilder, will complete the vehicle for uses such as recreational vehicles, small school buses, minibuses, type III ambulances, and delivery trucks. A large portion of cutaway van chassis are equipped with dual rear wheels. Some second stage manufacturers also add a third weight-bearing single wheel "tag axle" for larger minibus models.
The term van may also refer to a Minivan. However, minivans are usually distinguished by their smaller size and traditionally front wheel drive powertrain, although many now are being equipped with four wheel drive. Minivans offer similar seating capacity (traditionally seven to eight passengers), and better fuel economy than full-size vans, at the expense of power, cargo space, and towing capacity. In addition, many new minivans have dual side sliding doors.

United Kingdom

British English speakers will generally refer to a passenger minivan as a people-carrier or MPV, or multi-purpose vehicle, and a larger passenger van as a minibus. Ford makes a distinct line of vans with short bonnets (hoods) and varying body sizes. Minivans are the same Vans but smaller. The driver's mate of a delivery van was sometimes referred to as a "vanguard."

Van

A van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or

groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the ground, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV. However, in North America, the term may be used to refer to any truck with a rigid cargo body fixed to the cab, even up to large sizes.
In the UK usage, it can be either specially designed or based on a saloon/sedan car, the latter type often including derivatives with open backs (such as pick-up trucks). There are vans in all shapes and sizes, ranging from the classic van version of the tiny Mini to the five metre long (LWB) variants of the Mercedes Sprinter van. Vehicles larger than this are classified as lorries (trucks).

MX7 (micro sri lanka)

MX7 (micro sri lanka)

About MX7

The first Micro Sedan, MX7 is a sleek mid-sized sedan with aerodynamic lines designed by Italian auto designer Pininfarina. The MX7 uses the latest technology in automobile design and engineering to give years of worry-free motoring in tropical conditions. The car is stylish, comfortable, spacious and of high quality with low fuel consumption. It has been inspected by the England MIRA and certified that it meets European safety standards as well as Euro III level on emission.The MX7 offers a range of features and options including anti-lock braking system with EBD (Electronic Brake-Force Distribution), electric windows, etc. while the power Steering with four wheel independent suspension ensures control and stability while shortening braking distance. Its wheelbase is larger than most competitors in its class (8feet 6 inches), providing a spacious and comfortable interior for driver and passengers at an affordable cost.The MX7 meets Euro II Safety Standard with its 1.6 litre, 4-cylinder Mitsubishi engine

Interior

Well lit, easy to read dashboard Leather trimmed dashboard

with digital mileage meter with fully closable vent grills.

Standard fitted with CD/MP3 player

with USB support and Memory Card Reader

Exterior

Front View Back View

Full crystal, adjustable head lamps Highlighted full crystal tail lights

LED High mounted stop light and

powerful antenna for FM/AM Radio Spacious rear for luggage

DUODECK (micro sri lanka)

DUODECK (micro sri lanka)

About DuoDeck bus

The super low floor Dual deck with a full aluminum structure, monocoque body state-of-the-art with ABS brakes & fully Air-conditioned with 90 to 101 seats.

Interior

Exterior

HIGER B8S (micro sri lanka)

HIGER B8S (micro sri lanka)

About HIGER City Bus

This is the first City Bus from the Micro family. Designed to travel within the city and easy access doors for passengers to enter and exit easily. Optional Air Condition will give the passengers the maximum comfort to their ride.

Interior

Drivers Compartment Passenger Area

Front View Rear View

HIGER v92 (MICRO sri lanka)

HIGER v92

About HIGER V92

This is the most Luxurious 51 seater bus from the Micro family. The bus is equipped with Cummins C300-20, straight six engine with 300hp of power, luxurious interior and most of all extremely comfortable Air Suspension systems are giving the passengers a heavenly ride.

Interior

Interior Seat layout Optional Foot rest and heater unit

Drivers Compartment Personal AC vent and Reading Lamp with the Speaker

Optional 12 CD/VCD/DVD Changer, Optional Trip information recorder and printer